Vinyl often has different mastering due to its capability (lack of, specifically) as a medium. The happy side effect of that is the vinyl release often has a better dynamic range. phatstadt is right in that if the vinyl comes from the same master as the CD, it'll sound identical(ly poor). I've got the vinyl here, actually, but haven't listened to it yet.
To be clear, we're talking about mastering here, not mixing or production. There's a history in DTF of people confusing mastering with mixing and production (not saying it's happened in this thread, mind), so thought I'd clarify.
Coming back on an earlier point about whether the blu-ray contains so-called HD files, mine doesn't appear to.
Final note: Distance Over Time is an instant top five Dream Theater album for me (never thought I'd be saying that after their recent output!). This is not a criticism of the music, rather its aural quality.