For me it's like ano association thing. The only time in the past I'd see 60fps live action videos are on a home camcorder. So when I see movies like that, my brain thinks it looks cheap for some reason. That's probably something that can be unlearned, but I bet that's a problem for other people as well.
In addition to this, there is actually a difference in the way the brain processes visuals at different framerates.
While things were originally filmed at 24fps, and other low frame rates, entirely due to technical limitations, it was a very lucky accident. At a lower frame rate like that (it doesn't have to be 24, but 24 strikes a really good balance between not being 'too fast' or 'too slow'), your brain actually interprets what it's seeing differently than, say, something you're seeing in person. It's subtle, but it really does make a difference. Because of this, your brain accepts most shows and movies as something different than real life, and so things (costumes, sets, effects, etc) are less likely to look "off".
Once the frame rate gets high enough (and 48fps seems to set this off for a lot of people), the brain interprets it as more like real life. Because of this, any little thing that can stand out does. That's why sets look like sets, and everything looks more 'fake' and 'cheap'.
It's not jarring when used for things like newscasts or live broadcasts, because they're not typically trying to get away with anything 'unreal' visually. It's also one of several reasons why live versions of things that are usually pre-recorded tend to look 'different'.
Higher frame rates also tend to have less of an impact on how we view animated content, or video games, because the brain doesn't typically confuse those with reality, regardless of frame rate.