As Barto had mentioned there are a number if things that an employer can check before deciding to hire someone.. Several among them are:
•Driving records
•Vehicle registration
•Credit records
•Criminal records
•Social Security #
•Education records
•Court records
•Workers' compensation
•Bankruptcy
•Character references
•Neighbor interviews
•Medical records
•Property ownership
•Military records
•State licensing records
•Drug test records
•Past employers
•Personal references
•Incarceration records
•Sex offender lists
Many states have different variations on these, but all are quite common. There are a lot of reasosn for these checks. First and foremost, an employer wants to make the best decision for his company, and needs to protect it's livelihood and the livelihood and interests of its employees and stakeholders. There are a ton of bonafide reasons why you would check these things.
•Negligent hiring lawsuits are on the rise. If an employee's actions hurt someone, the employer may be liable. The threat of liability gives employers reason to be cautious in checking an applicant's past. A bad decision can wreak havoc on a company's budget and reputation as well as ruin the career of the hiring official. Employers no longer feel secure in relying on their instinct as a basis to hire.
•Child abuse and child abductions in the news in recent years have resulted in new laws in almost every state that require criminal background checks for anyone who works with children. The move to protect children through criminal background checks now includes volunteers who serve as coaches for youth sports activities and scout troop leaders.
• Terrorism has resulted in heightened security and identity-verification strategies by employers.
•Corporate executives, officers, and directors now face a degree of scrutiny in both professional and private life unknown before the Enron debacle and other corporate scandals of 2002.
A lot of the information gleened about your past is protected and limited under the FCRA. Things like the following cannot be used to make hiring decisions:
•Civil suits, civil judgments, and records of arrest, from date of entry, after seven years.
•Paid tax liens after seven years.
•Accounts placed for collection after seven years.
•Any other negative information (except criminal convictions) after seven years.
• Bankruptices beyond ten years.
Interestingly enough, if the potential job your applying for pays beyond 75,000 per year, even the above referenced things can be considered.
However...ALL of these things are monitored and goverened by the EEOC, and they have specific guidelines about what can or cannot be considered not only through the selection/hiring process but job assignments, pay, discipline and discharge, and a host of other areas where your protected information may be used against you, so employers do have to be very careful. Basically an employer cannot use race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), or national origin, or on an individual with a disability or class of individuals with disabilities, if the polices or practices at issue are not job-related and necessary to the operation of the business, in the course of making hiring decsions or decsions that effect someones employment. The laws enforced by EEOC also prohibit an employer from using neutral employment policies and practices that have a disproportionately negative impact on applicants or employees age 40 or older, if the policies or practices at issue are not based on a reasonable factor other than age.
As for the Facebook issue, if I were still practicing law, I would advise ALL of my clients to steer VERY clear of this. There is a whole HOST of information that can be gathered from a Facebook page (marital status is one of several that comes to mind very quickly) that could be used against you, and having access to that information plcaes a company in a very slippery slope when it comes to making hiring decisions. I actually think all of this is a way to close the gap on those websites and companies that allow online trashing of corporate reputations. I think employers will try to force Facebook to police disparagimng remarks about companies, or force Facebook to and other sites to prohibit this, and they'll do it through legislation eventually.