My pick is Chelsea Wolfe. Technically she has an album in '06, but she's disowned it because she doesn't consider it authentic to herself, and it's nothing like her later albums. Starting in '10 her work is quite prolific, with
Pain Is Beauty and
Hiss Spun in particular being some of my favorite music of any decade.
Honorable mentions: TesseracT, VOLA, Sulphur Aeon, Entrails, PVRIS, Lights, Tremonti, Triptykon, Perturbator, The Midnight, Mega Drive, Lazerhawk, Plini, David Maxim Micic/Destiny Potato, Skyharbor, Witherscape, Emma Ruth Rundle, Ruth Moody, Daughter, Anna von Hausswolff, Agnes Obel, We Are The Catalyst, Red Handed Denial, Haken, Drab Majesty, Sylvaine.
Can't believe no one's mentioned Cellar Darling yet.
I've never even heard of them.
They splintered off from folk metal band Eluveitie. I like what I've heard, but I'm nowhere near familiar enough with them to proffer them for this thread.
Including solo artists: Emma Ruth Rundle would probably be my nr. 3
Yes, she's been ascendant for me the last few years.
Some Heavy Ocean in particular has become one of my favorite albums of any period.
CHVRCHES
Both of these bands for me. Listening to them has altered my musical tastes in a way I'd not felt since getting into DT in 2000. Stupendous.
Part of my taste had already been sliding in that direction for awhile, but CHVRCHES definitely represented a significant uptick in trying to find similar music, and has proved quite fruitful since then. I had been growing more lukewarm about them with their middle two albums being a little disappointing, but
Screen Violence was their best album since their debut and has rekindled my interest in them again.
*Julia Holter - One of my favorite female artists. Tragedy seems to count as her debut studio album and it was a very solid album in 2011. She followed that up with another great album Ekstasis in 2012 before putting out some fantastic albums - Loud City Song (2013) which blew my mind at the time. Followed that up with the more accessible but equally great Have You In My Wilderness in 2015 and finished the decade with a huge double album Aviary in 2018. She blends pop with chamber music elements and I guess Art Rock or Art Pop might be a decent good terms for it. She definitely has her own style and I would almost compare her to someone like Kate Bush, not necessarily that the music is 100% alike but very forward-thinking, different pop/classical music. I think her last 3 albums especially have been fantastic.
I've been digging into her work more in the past year or two. It really seems like the sort of music that will reward additional listens.
Aviary is the one that stood out the most so far. Have you heard Agnes Obel? She has a different sort of approach, but is also in that space of applying elements of classical music composition and instrumentation, but in a poppier, yet not watered down format.