In addition to the crime itself, I think age is a factor here. A 15 year old who shoplifted is different from a 20 year who raped someone. And vice versa. Being a teen under someone's care versus being a legal adult who might still need to learn how to be a law-abiding adult. Some things can be resolved at a low-level consequence (shoplifting, for example - my sister actually did this as a teen and she had to go apologize to the store owner and a cop drove her home, it scared the shit out of her). Some things harm others or cause a loss of value and necessitate a need for law enforcement (theft, rape, assault, etc).
Going on your tough scenario with animal abuse, there would need to be steps in place. I will not claim to know the exact order or what needs to be done, but removing the threat to the animals is first, then I think I would ask friends for advice for the next step. Psychologist seems likely, but I would gather advice on involving law enforcement before making that decision. But overall, I think there are steps to this and it's not necessarily cut and dry to generalize for all crimes.